They also brought it to the Spanish Philippines colonies, whence it spread to Asia. Habanero chili (C. chinense Jacquin)- plant with flower and fruit, Scotch bonnet (C. chinense) in a Caribbean market, Fresh Indian green chillies in Bangalore market, Piri piri (C. frutescens 'African Devil'), Naga jolokia Chilli (bhut jolokia) (C. chinense x C. frutescens), The flower of red hot bangi pepper, Malaysia, A small but very hot Capsicum in Malaysia, Peperoni cruschi, dried and crispy Capsicum from Basilicata, This article is about the plant genus. Your Email I accept the privacy policy. The Plant List includes 197 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus Capsicum.Of these 40 are accepted species names. Top 18 Health Benefits of Chilli (Botanical Name: Capsicum Annum) November 18, 2020 July 30, 2012. [31] A study on capsaicin production in fruits of C. chinense showed that capsaicinoids are produced only in the epidermal cells of the interlocular septa of pungent fruits, that blister formation only occurs as a result of capsaicinoid accumulation, and that pungency and blister formation are controlled by a single locus, Pun1, for which there exist at least two recessive alleles that result in non-pungency of C. chinense fruits.[32]. In Argentina and Spain, the variety C. chacoense is commonly known as "putaparió", a slang expression equivalent to "damn it", probably due to its extra-hot flavour. 151 . For black pepper, Czech uses pepř, while Slovak uses čierne korenie (literally, black spice) or, dialectally, piepor.[47]. Spelling aside, Capsicum by any other name is still just that; Capsicum. Capsicum is also used widely in Italian cuisine, and the hot species are used all around the southern part of Italy as a common spice (sometimes served with olive oil). Hydroponic Growing System and … Pepper, (genus Capsicum), genus of more than 30 species of flowering plants in the nightshade family (Solanaceae), several of which are extensively cultivated for their edible, often pungent fruits. For the variety known as "capsicum" in some countries, see, "How to grow chilli pepper / RHS Gardening", "Phylogenetic Relationships of Capsicum (Solanaceae) Using DNA Sequences from Two Noncoding Regions: The Chloroplast atpB-rbcL Spacer Region and Nuclear waxy Introns", "Screening genetic resources of Capsicum peppers in their primary center of diversity in Bolivia and Peru", "Genome sequence of the hot pepper provides insights into the evolution of pungency in Capsicum species", "NMSU Cultivars - The Chile Pepper Institute", "Capsaicin effects on consumption of food by Cedar Waxwings and House Finches", "Chile Information – Frequently Asked Questions", "Genetic control of pungency in C. chinense via the Pun1 locus", "The Scoville Scale of Hotness - Capsaicin Level", "Giant Marconi Pepper: Smoky Sweet Flavor, Large Fruit", "Italian Frying peppers - Produce Express of Sacramento, California", "Slovník slovenského jazyka z r. 1959 – 1968", Capsicums: Innovative Uses of an Ancient Crop, Capsicum and Chillies: Commercial Cultivation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capsicum&oldid=993765601, Articles with dead external links from February 2020, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with disputed statements from November 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 12 December 2020, at 11:03. In more recent times, an aerosol extract of capsaicin, usually known as capsicum or pepper spray, has become used by law enforcement as a nonlethal means of incapacitating a person, and in a more widely dispersed form for riot control, or by individuals for personal defense. LONG PEPPER (Piper longum) ---Part Used---The dried, unripe spikes of Pipers officinum and longum.---Habitat---Java, India, Philippines, the best coming from Batavia, and Singapore.P. The Plant List includes a further 72 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus Capsicum.We do not intend The Plant List to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. Fruits of Capsicum can vary tremendously in color, shape, and size both between and within species, which has led to confusion over the relationships among taxa. Geographical source. Spanish-speaking countries use many different names for the varieties and preparations. Many types of peppers have been bred for heat, size, and yield. It is hardy to zone (UK) 9 and is frost tender. The botanical species name Capsicum is a neo-Latin derivation of Greek kapsa [κάψα] box, capsule and refers to the shape of the fruits. Capsicum frutescens is a PERENNIAL growing to 1 m (3ft 3in) by 0.6 m (2ft). Cayenne (fruit) (Capsicum annuum var. Pepper is predicted to have 34,903 genes, approximately the same number as both tomato and potato, two related species within the family Solanaceae.[25]. The seeds themselves do not produce any capsaicin, although the highest concentration of capsaicin can be found in the white pith around the seeds. Family Name: Solanaceae. Those used in cooking are generally varieties of the C. annuum and C. frutescens species, though a few others are used, as well. ), while the hot ones are "chilli"/"chillies" (double L) or "chilli peppers". Capsicum has been also used in spasmodic affections, passive hemorrhages, especially uterine, and, when combined with the compound powder of ipecacuanha will, in many instances, promptly arrest hemorrhage after parturition. Chili peppers are of great importance in Native American medicine, and capsaicin is used in modern medicine mainly in topical medications as a circulatory stimulant and analgesic. The pericarp is glabrous, somewhat shrunken, leathery and thin, more or less translucent and dull orange-red in colour. Details Marconi Red pappers are sweet and mild with a heat rating of 1-1000 Scoville Units. Sow seed in punnets and plant out in 4-6 weeks. Over 75% of the pepper genome is composed of transposable elements, mostly Gypsy elements, distributed widely throughout the genome. Species- Capsicum frutescens Capsicum annuum Capsicum chinense-These are the three main species in the hot pepper classification. Clethra Alnifili is the botanical name for Sweet Pepperbush, a perennial shrub. and also of Capsicum frutescens Linn., which are perennial shrubs of the family Solanaceae. Breeding occurs in several environments dependent on the use of the final variety including but not limited to: conventional, organic, hydroponic, green house and shade house production environments. Dried round chiles called ñoras are used for arroz a banda. Paprika (in English) refers to a powdered spice made of dried Capsicum of several sorts, though in Hungary and some other countries it is the name of the fruit as well. Its species are native to the Americas, where they have been cultivated for thousands of years. The amount of capsaicin in the fruit is highly variable and dependent on genetics and environment, giving almost all types of Capsicum varied amounts of perceived heat. Along with selection of specific fruit traits such as flavor and color, specific pest, disease and abiotic stress resistances are continually being selected. pubescens. Pisto is a vegetarian stew with chilies and zucchini as main ingredients. fasciculatum Irish. Common Name: Botanical Name: Achillea: Achillea: African Daisy: Dimorphotheca Aurantica Solanaceae. minimum (Miller) Heiser and Capsicum frutescens L. These are types of peppers that are cultivated or gathered to obtain the plant parts for medicinal use. Several other countries, such as Chile, whose name is unrelated, Perú, Puerto Rico, and Argentina, use ají. All the varieties were appreciated, but the hot ones are particularly appreciated because they can enliven otherwise monotonous diets. Bolivian consumers distinguish two basic forms: ulupicas, species with small round fruits including C. eximium, C. cardenasii, C. eshbaughii, and C. caballeroi landraces; and arivivis, with small elongated fruits including C. baccatum var. Resources. Cloured Capsicum. Ground chiles, or paprika, hot or otherwise, are a key ingredient in chorizo, which is then called picante (if hot chile is added) or dulce (if otherwise). Pistacia vera . The fruit (technically berries in the strict botanical sense) of Capsicum plants have a variety of names depending on place and type. Family Group. [10] Extremely moist soils can cause seedlings to "damp-off" and reduce germination. Here are two phylogenetic trees to further help you understand where the hot pepper fits in. Many vegetable seed companies breed different types of peppers as well. Medium-late heavy producer of yellow fruit, upward-pointing. The red face and the perspiration that follows chewing on a red pepper was not missed by the ancients who used it both in cuisine and medicine. Their name comes from the Greek word “kapto” which means “to bite” or “to swallow”. Angelica root: Do. The generic name may come from Latin capsa, meaning 'box', presumably alluding to the pods; or from the Greek word κάπτω kapto, 'to gulp'. In the United States, New Mexico State University has released several varieties in the last few years. The lack of capsaicin in bell peppers is due to a recessive gene that eliminates capsaicin and, consequently, the hot taste usually associated with the rest of the genus Capsicum. They are suitable for stuffing with fillings such as cheese, meat, or rice. Botanical Name: Capsicum. It is in flower from August to September. 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