The UN asserted in February 2013 that it would not receive compensation claims related to the outbreak, citing its convention on privileges and immunities. The data shows that some crucial sectors face particularly large funding gaps. [268] Watchdog groups have criticized the reconstruction process saying that part of the problem is that charities spent a considerable amount of money on "soaring rents, board members' needs, overpriced supplies and imported personnel," the Miami Herald reported. [153], From 12 January, the International Committee of the Red Cross, which has been working in Haiti since 1994, focused on bringing emergency assistance to victims of the catastrophe. [91][92], Towns in the eastern Dominican Republic began preparing for tens of thousands of refugees, and by 16 January hospitals close to the border had been filled to capacity with Haitians. On January 12, 2010, a 7.0 magnitude earthquake-ravaged Haiti. Joel Boutroue, a Haitian government advisor, said that this number would cover "100 percent of the urban area", and observed that it would mean the Red Cross had served every city in Haiti. [172][173], Based on US Air Force logs documenting activity at the airport, the Associated Press largely disproved the claim that the US held up aid in favor of military flights. [115] The most reliable academic estimate of the number of earthquake casualties in Haiti (over 95% were in the immediate Port-au-Prince area) "within six weeks of the earthquake" appears to be the 160,000 estimate in a 2010 University of Michigan study. The political instability created by the quake resulted in the postponement of municipal and senatorial elections scheduled for 2011 and 2012, respectively. In 2017, the United Nations reported that 2.5 million Haitians were still in need of humanitarian aid. [132] Most of these workers were initially involved in the search for survivors at the organization's collapsed headquarters.[133]. [185], International rescue efforts were restricted by traffic congestion and blocked roads. By June the American Red Cross had transferred the rebuilding efforts to the Haitian Red Cross.[282]. Following the establishment of the new parliament in January 2016, Martelly agreed to leave office in February, and an interim president was sworn in that month. [255], In October 2010, Refugees International characterized the aid agencies as dysfunctional and inexperienced saying,"The people of Haiti are still living in a state of emergency, with a humanitarian response that appears paralyzed". Among those killed were Archbishop of Port-au-Prince Joseph Serge Miot,[15] and opposition leader Micha Gaillard. In January 2011, one year after the quake, Oxfam published a report on the status of the recovery. Everywhere, the acrid smell of bodies hangs in the air. Updates? Election observers noted fewer instances of fraud in the runoff, and voter turnout was higher. 15% of the camps had no basic protection services,[clarification needed] and 48% no health services. Numerous government structures were heavily damaged or destroyed, including the presidential palace, parliament building and main prison. Working in close partnership with other relief organizations, Real Medicine organized deployments of volunteer medical specialists to meet the needs of partner hospitals and clinics at the Haiti–Dominican Republic border and in Port-au-Prince, provided direct funding, medical supplies and pharmaceuticals to local health facilities and partner hospitals, provided advisory services and coordination to local health facilities, including physical therapy support, and coordinated mobile health outreaches, field clinics and food supplies to outlying villages overlooked in the relief effort. When asked why the road had not been opened, Hazem el-Zein, head of the south-east division of the UN World Food Programme said that "We ask the same questions to the people in charge...They promise rapid response. [35] However, a study published in May 2010 suggested that the rupture process may have involved slip on multiple blind thrust faults with only minor, deep, lateral slip along or near the main Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone, suggesting that the event only partially relieved centuries of accumulated left-lateral strain on a small part of the plate-boundary system. Introducing Haiti Rewired", "Haiti begins relocating quake victims ahead of rains", Presidents Clinton, Bush lead effort to raise funds for Haiti, Hillary Clinton meets with Haiti leader after arrival, Biden meets with Haitian-American leaders in Miami, "Interview-Quake cost one in five Haitian jobs- minister", Governo quer indenizar famílias de militares mortos no Haiti, "Haiti 'can lead quake recovery', Canada summit told", "Haiti quake: Obama announces $100 m US aid package", "Canada pledges 60 million Canadian dollars for Haiti aid", "Canada matches Haiti donations with $113M", "PM lifts cap for matching Haiti donations", "Haiti raises quake death toll on anniversary", "Nova Scotia Responds to Disaster in Haiti", "Alberta promises $500K for Haiti recovery", "Province of Saskatchewan Provides $250,000 in Aid to Haiti", "Quebec hands out C$3M in emergency aid to Haiti", "Francophonie Summit rallies around Haiti crisis", "Senegal takes in Haitian student refugees", "163 Haitian students receive welcome in Senegal", Exodus to Countryside Reverses Long Trend, Haiti earthquake: Thousands flee ravaged Port-au-Prince following powerful aftershock, Leaders look to end dispute over Haiti earthquake aid, "Fights over land stall Haiti quake recovery", "One year later, local efforts to help Haiti rebuild continue", "Haiti Six Months Later: Where Do Things Stand? Despite the claims of the American Red Cross that 130,000 homes had been built, the investigation discovered that only six had been built. [69], Most of Port-au-Prince's municipal buildings were destroyed or heavily damaged, including the City Hall, which was described by The Washington Post as, "a skeletal hulk of concrete and stucco, sagging grotesquely to the left. [44] USGS reported its epicenter was about 56 km (35 mi) WSW of Port-au-Prince,[42] which would place it almost exactly under the coastal town of Petit-Goâve. Two years later, though roughly half of the rubble littering Port-au-Prince had been cleared and some damaged residences had been made habitable, more than half a million people remained in tents, many of which had deteriorated significantly. A local governor stated, "We have a great desire and we will do everything humanly possible to help Haitian families. [97][98] Dr Evan Lyon of Partners in Health, working at the General Hospital in Port-au-Prince, claimed that misinformation and overblown reports of violence had hampered the delivery of aid and medical services. [232], President Abdoulaye Wade of Senegal offered interested Haitians free land in Senegal;[233] depending on how many respond to the offer, this could include up to an entire region. [194] By 19 January, staff of the International Red Cross had also managed to reach the town, which they described as "severely damaged ... the people there urgently need assistance. Most severely affected was Haiti, occupying the western third of the island. Although that area was cleared by July 2012, countrywide some 500 camps still remained at the end of the year. [256] They claimed that rape of Haitian women and girls who had been living in camps since the January earthquake was increasing, in part, because the United Nations wasn't doing enough to protect them. Priority must be given to medical supplies entering the country. [156][157] Running short of medical supplies, some teams had to work with any available resources, constructing splints out of cardboard and reusing latex gloves. The first team to arrive in Port-au-Prince was ICE-SAR from Iceland, landing within 24 hours of the earthquake. [103] During the days following the earthquake, hundreds were seen marching through the streets in peaceful processions, singing and clapping.[104]. Other nations from farther afield also sent personnel, medicines, materiel, and other aid to Haiti. The 2010 Haiti earthquake was a very strong earthquake that hit Haiti on January 12, 2010. A spokesman for the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that the French government had not protested officially with regard to the management of the airport. The quake is the largest ever measured in Haiti and yet another of a series of disasters to afflict the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere. [281], In 2015, NPR and ProPublica investigated the disappearance of US$500 million donated to the American Red Cross for earthquake relief, earlier described by the charity as the result of "one of the most successful fundraisers ever". [6], Appeals for humanitarian aid were issued by many aid organizations, the United Nations[116] and president René Préval. [20] Communication systems, air, land, and sea transport facilities, hospitals, and electrical networks had been damaged by the earthquake, which hampered rescue and aid efforts; confusion over who was in charge, air traffic congestion, and problems with prioritising flights further complicated early relief work. [257], In October, a cholera epidemic broke out, probably introduced by United Nations peacekeepers. The earthquake damaged structures and killed 18 people. [243][244], Several organizations of the US building industry and government, such as the Department of Homeland Security and the International Code Council, among others, reported that they were compiling a "Haiti Toolkit" coordinated by the National Institute of Building Sciences. [247], Six months after the quake as much as 98% of the rubble remained uncleared. The number of people in relief camps of tents and tarps since the quake was 1.6 million, and almost no transitional housing had been built. The earthquake occurred at 16:53 local time (21:53 UTC) on Tuesday, 12 January 2010. [3] At least three people were swept out to sea by the wave and were reported dead. [199], The buoy tender USCG Oak and USNS Grasp (T-ARS-51) were on scene by 18 January to assess damage to the port and work to reopen it,[200][201] and by 21 January one pier at the Port-au-Prince seaport was functional, offloading humanitarian aid, and a road had been repaired to make transport into the city easier. [84] The government handed over control of the airport to the United States to hasten and ease flight operations, which had been hampered by the damage to the air traffic control tower. [85], Almost immediately Port-au-Prince's morgue facilities were overwhelmed. The quake displaced 1.5 million people. [121] The Dominican emergency team assisted more than 2,000 injured people, while the Dominican Institute of Telecommunications (Indotel) helped with the restoration of some telephone services. [224] On 23 January 2010, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced that the federal government had lifted the limit on the amount of money allocated for matching individual donations to relief efforts,[225] and that the federal government would continue to match individual donations until 12 February 2010; by the deadline, Canadians had privately raised C$220 million. Omissions? [121] The Dominican Red Cross coordinated early medical relief in conjunction with the International Red Cross. [24] The Australian government's travel advisory site had previously expressed concerns that Haitian emergency services would be unable to cope in the event of a major disaster,[25] and the country is considered "economically vulnerable" by the Food and Agriculture Organization. An exact death toll proved elusive in the ensuing chaos. The supercarrier USS Carl Vinson arrived at maximum possible speed on 15 January with 600,000 emergency food rations, 100,000 ten-litre water containers, and an enhanced wing of 19 helicopters; 130,000 litres of drinking water were transferred to shore on the first day. According to RSF, some 20 of about 50 stations that were active in the capital region before the earthquake were back on air a week after the quake. [27], The magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake occurred inland, on 12 January 2010 at 16:53 (UTC−05:00), approximately 25 km (16 mi) WSW from Port-au-Prince at a depth of 13 km (8.1 mi)[7] on blind thrust faults associated with the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault system[28] and lasted less than 30 seconds. Many areas of Port-au-Prince were settled either by tonton makout – Duvalier's death squads – given land for their service or by squatters. 2010: Earthquake 1. "[54], There was considerable damage to communications infrastructure. "[242], The Netherlands sponsored a project, called Radio555. Retrieved 17 January 2010, Marrapodi, Eric, Lawrence, Chris, Hall, Rick, Phillips, Rich, Watson, Ivan and Candiotti, Susan, Charles, Jacqueline, Trenton, Daniel, Clark, Lesley, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti, United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti, responded to appeals for humanitarian aid, Damage to infrastructure in the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Toussaint L'Ouverture International Airport, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Humanitarian response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Humanitarian response by national governments to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Humanitarian response by non-governmental organizations to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Humanitarian response by for-profit organizations to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, International Charter on Space and Major Disasters, Timeline of relief efforts after the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Canadian International Development Agency, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "Haiti's 2010 Earthquake Caused Lasting Damage", "New Zealand quake raises questions about L.A. buildings", Lessons to be learned from Haiti's tsunami, "Tens of thousands isolated at quake epicentre", "As Haiti mourns, quake survivor found in rubble", "Red Cross: 3M Haitians Affected by Quake", "Haiti quake death toll rises to 230,000", "Archbishop of Port-Au-Prince Dies in Haiti Quake", "Boschafter: Mehrere Minister unter den Toten", "Briefing by Martin Nesirky, Spokesperson for the Secretary-General, and Jean Victor Nkolo, Spokesperson for the President of the General Assembly", "Soundscapes of Disaster and Humanitarianism: Survival Singing, Relief Telethons, and the Haiti Earthquake", "Haiti: bilancio del terremoto, 111.499 vittime", "Tremblements de terre en Haïti, mythe ou réalité ? Further casualties are thought to have been minimal since people had been sleeping in the open. [127] A Korean International Disaster Relief Team[128] with 40 rescuers, medical doctors, nurses and 2 k-9s was deployed to epicenters to assist mitigation efforts of Haitian Government. The Dominican website FlyDominicanRepublic.com[122] made available to the internet, daily updates on airport information and news from the operations center on the Dominican side. Robert Fox, executive director of Oxfam Canada, said: "The dysfunction has been aided unabated by the way the international community has organized itself, where pledges have been made and they haven't followed through [and] where they come to the table with their own agendas and own priorities. [169][170] US officials acknowledged that coordination of the relief effort is central to Haitian recovery. [78], The quake created a landslide dam on the Rivière de Grand Goâve. All their churches, chapels, and at least 8,000 homes were destroyed. "[87][88], Mayor Jean-Yves Jason said that officials argued for hours about what to do with the volume of corpses. Keen, deputy commander of US Southern Command, however, announced that despite the stories of looting and violence, there was less violent crime in Port-au-Prince after the earthquake than before. [144], Several orphanages were destroyed in the earthquake. [274], The 2010 cholera outbreak has continued. [203], The US Navy listed its resources in the area as "17 ships, 48 helicopters and 12 fixed-wing aircraft" in addition to 10,000 sailors and Marines. On the scientific scale that measures the magnitude (or strength) of an earthquake, the quake scored a magnitude of 7.0 M w.The center of the earthquake was near Léogâne, very close to Port-au-Prince, the capital and largest city of Haiti.It was only about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west. The 26-member international Interim Haiti Reconstruction Commission, headed by Bill Clinton and Haitian Prime Minister Jean-Max Bellerive, convened in June 2010. [209], Social networking organizations such as Crisis Camp Haiti were developed to aid in the structure and coordination of relief efforts in Haiti and future catastrophic events as well. [267], A January 2012 Oxfam report said that a half a million Haitians remained homeless, still living under tarps and in tents. 220,000 people estimated to have died 4. [37][38], A 2007 earthquake hazard study by C. DeMets and M. Wiggins-Grandison noted that the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone could be at the end of its seismic cycle and concluded that a worst-case forecast would involve a 7.2 Mw earthquake, similar in size to the 1692 Jamaica earthquake. According to the report, relief and recovery were at a standstill due to government inaction and indecision on the part of the donor countries. Witnesses told reporters that the sea first retreated and a "very big wave" followed rapidly, crashing ashore and sweeping boats and debris into the ocean.[50]. A spokesman for the joint task force running the airport confirmed that, though more flights were requesting landing slots, none was being turned away. [93] The border was reinforced by Dominican soldiers, and the government of the Dominican Republic asserted that all Haitians who crossed the border for medical assistance would be allowed to stay only temporarily. Voter turnout was low, and allegations of electoral fraud were widespread. [13] The deputy mayor of Léogâne reported that 90% of the town's buildings had been destroyed. "[195] By 20 January they had reached Petit-Goâve as well, where they set up two first-aid posts and distributed first-aid kits. 3,500,000 people were affected by the quake 3. [96] There were also accounts of looters wounded or killed by vigilantes and neighbourhoods that had constructed their own roadblock barricades. On average, a plane would land or take off every two minutes. Though adoptions of Haitian children by foreign nationals—particularly in the United States—were expedited, the process was slowed by the efforts of Haitian and foreign authorities to ensure that the children did not have living relatives, as orphanages had often temporarily accommodated the children of the destitute. The report cited the absence of cholera in Haiti during the previous decade and the emergence of a parallel outbreak of cholera in Kathmandu, the city from which the troops had departed Nepal. January 20: While multiple aftershocks are recorded soon after the initial quake, the U.S. Geological Service reports the strongest aftershock is a 5.9 temblor on January 20 that collapses many already damaged buildings. [254], In September 2010 there were over one million refugees still living in tents, and the humanitarian situation was characterized as still being in the emergency phase, according to the Apostolic Nuncio to Haiti, Archbishop Bernard Auza. Over 188,383 houses were badly damaged and 105,000 were destroyed by the earthquake (293,383 in total), 1.5m people became homeless 6. The general disorder created by the earthquake—combined with the destruction of the country’s electoral headquarters and the death of UN officials working in concert with the Haitian electoral council—prompted Haitian Pres. [179][180][181] They were joined by the French Navy vessel Francis Garnier on 16 January,[182] the same day the hospital ship USNS Comfort and guided-missile cruiser USS Bunker Hill left for Haiti. [198] Reports from Sunday showed a record-breaking number of successful rescues, with at least 12 survivors pulled from Port-au-Prince's rubble, bringing the total number of rescues to 110. "[283], The Haiti 2010 earthquake has been depicted in the novel God Loves Haiti, by Dimitry Elias Léger. 1. Indeed, since the establishment of a modern global seismic network in 1964, the Port-au-Prince region of southern Haiti has experienced only one earthquake of magnitude greater than 4.0, with sev-eral additional events occurring 100 km to the west. The missionaries claimed they were rescuing orphaned children but investigations revealed that more than 20 of the children had been taken from their parents after they were told the children would have a better life in America. The epicentre was just 25 km west of the capital Port-au-Prince and the focus was only 13km below the surface. Though some provisional housing was erected before the onset of inclement weather, many persons remained in tents and other shelters that provided scant protection from the elements. The situation was complicated by the lack of room on ramps for planes to unload their cargo, and some planes did not have enough fuel to leave. Subscribe Now. Next →. A donors' conference was expected to be held at the UN headquarters in New York in March,[219] however, took more than three months to hold the UN conference. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region over the last 200 years. "[164] First responders voiced frustration with the number of relief trucks sitting unused at the airport. The main road linking Port-au-Prince with Jacmel remained blocked ten days after the earthquake, hampering delivery of aid to Jacmel. A Magnitude 7 struck just 10 miles southwest of the capital of Port-Au-Prince. Even if this logistical logjam were to be cleared, the vast majority of Port-au-Prince residents, up to 85%, did not own their homes before the earthquake. Illegally Given Protected Status, Krome detention center readied for possible influx of Haitians, Haitian orphans rushed to new homes abroad, "Haiti earthquake: Groups urge adoption freeze, believing kids' kin may be alive", "Church, immigrant groups plan to airlift Haitian orphans to S. Florida", "U.S. missionaries charged with kidnapping in Haiti - CNN", Canada hopes to 'fast-track' Haitian adoptions: Kenney, Haitians dig themselves out as quake damage slows outside aid, "Only one hospital open in Haiti's quake hit capital", "Haiti earthquake: ICRC sets up special website to facilitate family contacts", Patients overwhelm medical teams at Haiti clinics, "Fears of violence as Haitians grow desperate for water, food", More U.S. troops, relief supplies to arrive in Haiti today; rescue efforts continue as window narrows for survivors, "Strong aftershock shakes Haiti, week after earthquake", Aid plane turned away from Haiti airport, says medical charity, France and America bicker as Haiti aid fails to reach city, "Doctors Without Borders Plane with Lifesaving Medical Supplies Diverted Again from Landing in Haiti", "Canada determining how and where to direct relief to Haitians", "EU plays down talk of Haiti rift with US", "U.S. military says Haiti airport jam easing", La France critique la gestion de l'aéroport de Port-au-Prince, Beset by logistical challenges, Haiti relief presses on, Descoordenação atrapalha ajuda a vítimas do terremoto no Haiti, "U.S.: Haiti aid bottleneck is easing up – Haiti earthquake", "U.S.: Haiti aid bottleneck is easing up", U.S. Carrier Carl Vinson Joins Relief Efforts, "Vinson Helicopters Perform Medical Evacuations; "Sea Base" On the Way", "Top Navy Doc Predicts Long USNS Comfort Deployment", "Bunker Hill en route to help Haiti mission", "Bienvenue sur le site consacré au TCD Siroco – Page d'accueil", At Haiti roadblock, a lesson in power dynamics, "With the Military in Haiti: Breaking the Supply Logjam", "In Haiti, the Jacmel cathedral clock stopped at 5:37 pm", "Canadian Forces head to port town of Jacmel", "O'Brien: Haiti's cultural core suffers, too", "Symbol of Hope rescued from rubble in Haitian church", "Haiti quake victims' bodies 'piled up by roads, "HMCS Athabaskan, Halifax to be in Haiti early Tuesday", "Canada's big task in Haiti starts on small airstrip", "Haiti earthquake: reaching victims outside the capital", Haiti earthquake: ICRC expands relief effort, U.N.: Over 70 Rescued From Haitian Rubble, "Taiwanese search team rescues two survivors in Haiti", USNS Grasp, Divers Arrive in Port-au-Prince, Begin Port Assessments, Haiti pier opens, road laid into Port-au-Prince, "UN Urges Haiti Coordination as Supplies Flood Airport", "U.S. Fleet Forces Commander Provides Update on Navy Contributions to Haiti Relief Efforts", "Maritime Force Serves as Cornerstone of Relief Operations in Haiti", "Haiti quake victim rescue operation declared over", "10 Americans charged with kidnapping in Haiti", Freed from Haiti, missionary returns 'with mixed emotions', "Apps of Kindness: Crisis Camp Launches 3 New Web Apps for Haiti", "Home grown website to help Haitians rebuild", "How Can Technology Help Haiti? 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[ 260 ] around Port-au-Prince, causing to... Government estimated that some crucial sectors face particularly large funding gaps long-term...., Haiti, June 2011 to donate through the Humanitarian Coalition raised over C 15... Left homeless in the ensuing chaos will review what you ’ ve submitted and determine whether revise... Appeals and launched fund-raising efforts, the earthquake occurred 18.457°N, 72.533°W [ 257 ] Six. Well as sending search and rescue teams, anaesthetists, and at least three people were by!