The first Swedish product to use this term was Explorer Vodka, which was created in 1958 and initially was intended for the American export market. Methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and isopropyl alcohol are free-flowing liquids with fruity odours. However vodka drinkers often display a preference for one brand of vodka over another. In Russian during the 17th and 18th centuries, горящѣе вино or горячее вино (goryashchee vino, "burning wine" or "hot wine") was widely used. It is flammable and volatile. In Poland and Belarus, the leaves of the local bison grass are added to produce żubrówka (Polish) and zubrovka (Belarusian) vodka, with slightly sweet flavors and light amber colors. 0. By using this site, you agree to its use of cookies. [30], Vodka has become popular among young people, with a flourishing black market. The first written usage of the word vodka in an official Russian document in its modern meaning is dated by the decree of Empress Elizabeth of 8 June 1751, which regulated the ownership of vodka distilleries. [4][39][40], A study conducted on NPR's Planet Money podcast revealed negligible differences in taste between various brands of vodka, leading to speculation as to how much branding contributes to the concept of "super-premium vodkas".[41]. [51][52], "Wodka" redirects here. [3] The European Union has established a minimum alcohol content of 37.5% for vodka. The most recent estimates put it at 70% (2001). Molecular gastronomy chefs Paco Torreblanca, Ferran Adria and Joan Roca have incorporated vodka and wine candy into their signature dishes. . Alcohol - Alcohol - Physical properties of alcohols: Most of the common alcohols are colourless liquids at room temperature. It should be noted that alcohol evaporates at a faster rate than water. In Lithuania and Poland, a famous vodka containing honey is called krupnik. The estimates of the annual death toll reach even hundreds of thousands of lives produced by the vodka consumption in Russia. [37] Bottlers purchase the base spirits in bulk, then filter, dilute, distribute and market the end product under a variety of vodka brand names. Explainer: How would UK science be affected by a no-deal Brexit? Pokhlebkin claimed that while there is a wealth of publications about the history of consumption and distribution of vodka, virtually nothing had been written about vodka production. However Dirk Lachenmeier, head of the alcohol laboratory at the Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Laboratory in Karlsruhe, Germany, thinks the team’s conclusions are conjectural. Rectified spirit, also known as neutral spirits, rectified alcohol, or ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin is highly concentrated ethanol that has been purified by means of repeated distillation in a process called rectification.In some countries, denatured alcohol or denatured rectified spirit may commonly be available as "rectified spirit". Alcohol evaporates because of its vapor pressure and therefore, its molecule lying at the surface of alcohol (liquid-gas boundary) breaks its hydrogen bonding and tends to escape out of alcohol solution. Tests show most people cannot distinguish between 30 per cent and 40 per cent vodka, so they may be hard-pushed to make out the subtle differences found by Schaefer. Christian criticized the lack of valid references in Pokhlebkin's works stating that his work has an obvious pro-Russian bias. 0 0 1. But the alcohols contain four or more than four alcoholic groups called polyhydric alcohols. The team defined a structurability parameter - a measure of the vodka’s ability to form the hydrate structure within the solution. In some cases, you can substitute one alcohol for another or use a mixture of alcohols. [19], In Poland, vodka (Polish: wódka or gorzałka) has been produced since the early Middle Ages with local traditions as varied as the production of cognac in France, or Scottish whisky. [20], After World War II, all vodka distilleries were taken over by Poland's Marxist–Leninist government. Although it ultimately failed to do so, it remains one of the most popular vodka brands in Sweden today. Scientists say the high-end liquor’s popularity may rely upon its internal chemical structure. As well as existing as individual molecules, the water and ethanol molecules can form structures called hydrates. Burning wine was usually diluted with water to 24% ABV or less before drinking. Dale Schaefer and colleagues at the University of Cincinnati and Moscow State University sought to determine whether there might be a molecular basis for this, by analysing the structural differences of five different vodka brands. However, this is not the case in the traditional vodka-producing nations, so many distillers from these countries prefer to use very accurate distillation but minimal filtering, thus preserving the unique flavors and characteristics of their products. The beverage was usually low-proof, and the distillation process had to be repeated several times (a three-stage distillation process was common). He was soon followed by Jakub Haberfeld, who in 1804 established a factory at Oświęcim, and by Hartwig Kantorowicz, who started producing Wyborowa in 1823 at Poznań. A. Baczewski. The master distiller is in charge of distilling the vodka and directing its filtration, which includes the removal of the "fore-shots", "heads" and "tails". Vodka Molecule Charm Necklace Here’s a chemistry lesson we can get behind. Molecule T-Shirts displaying the molecular structure of your favorite foods, drugs, and chemicals. Most people would say purified alcohol has a medicinal flavor and a slightly chemical odor. Featured in thousands of cocktail recipes that vary in character, ingredients, and style, there is a vodka cocktail for every drinker and occasion.. Dirty Devil Vodka dedicates itself to achieving the highest levels of satisfaction by blending science with spirits to develop a superior tasting vodka. Because OH is the functional group of all alcohols, we often represent alcohols by the general formula ROH, where R is an alkyl group. Vodka contains nothing other than ethanol and water. Through numerous rounds of distillation, or the use of a fractioning still, the taste is modified and clarity is increased. proof). In the European Union there are talks about the standardization of vodka, and the Vodka Belt countries insist that only spirits produced from grains, potato and sugar beet molasses be allowed to be branded as "vodka", following the traditional methods of production. The success of grape-based vodka in the United States in the early twenty-first century prompted traditional vodka producers in the Vodka Belt countries of Poland, Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, and Sweden to campaign for EU legislation that would define vodka as only spirits made from grain or potatoes. People in the area of vodka's probable origin have names for vodka with roots meaning "to burn": Polish: gorzała; Ukrainian: горілка, romanized: horílka; Belarusian: гарэлка, romanized: harelka; Lithuanian: degtinė; Samogitian: degtėnė is also in use, colloquially and in proverbs[15]); Latvian: degvīns; Finnish: paloviina. Sometimes called a Fuzzy Navel, the Sex on the Beach shooter has at least 7 recipes that we know of. Ethanol Vodka, by definition, is ethanol cut with water to at least 80 proof (40 percent purity). [7][8][9], The word vodka was recorded for the first time in 1405 in Akta Grodzkie,[10] the court documents from the Palatinate of Sandomierz in Poland. ... and Crystalline water comes from the science of passing filtered water through a plasma reactor that alters the molecular structure of the water. The monohydric alcohols are the simplest with the general molecular formula, C n H 2n+2 O or C n H 2n+1 OH. Some companies even make the gimmick go to six or seven times distilled! 3, Sep 2008. pp. However, the structural formula of ethanol, C2H5OH, provides a little more detail, and indicates that there is an hydroxyl group (-OH) at the end of the 2-carbon chain (Figure 1.1). "Alcohol" refers to any chemical having an -OH functional group (hydroxyl) bound to a saturated carbon atom. In Poland and Ukraine, a separate category (nalyvka in Ukraine and nalewka in Poland) is used for vodka-based spirits with fruit, root, flower, or herb extracts, which are often home-made or produced by small commercial distilleries. Read our policy. ... Sterling Silver Ethanol molecule necklace, ethanol formula, alcohol formula, alcohol molecule, PersonalizedWhimsies. ’There is no basis to push that this might be the holy grail of vodka taste differentiation,’ he says. Depending on the distillation method and the technique of the still master, the final filtered and distilled vodka may have as much as 95–96% ethanol. Vodka production on a much larger scale began in Poland at the end of the 16th century, initially at Kraków, whence spirits were exported to Silesia before 1550. Ermochkine, Nicholas, and Iglikowski, Peter (2003). Though their hypothesis has yet to be conclusively confirmed, they speculate that these structural differences in different vodkas could account for slight differences in taster perceptions. Early production methods were rudimentary. The one we used to get this photomicrograph is: 1 ounce of vodka, 1 ounce of peach schnapps, 1 ounce of cranberry juice, and 1 ounce of grapefruit juice. The more hydrate present, the less free water molecules in solution. document.write(new Date().getFullYear()); Chemists tame shamanic addiction treatment. [34][35] This proposition provoked heavy criticism from South European countries, which often distill used mash from wine-making into spirits; although higher-quality mash is usually distilled into some variety of pomace brandy, the lower-quality mash is better turned into neutral-flavored spirits instead. Some Polish vodka blends go back centuries. In Russia, vodka flavored with honey and pepper, pertsovka in Russian, is also very popular. Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/The_Art_of_Distilling_Revised_and_Expand/LGWEDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=sweden+russia+poland+vodka+15th+century&pg=PA82&printsec=frontcover, "Dmitry Mendeleev and 40 degrees of Russian vodka", "Regulation (EC) No 110/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2008 on the definition, description, presentation, labelling and the protection of geographical indications of spirit drinks and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 1576/89", "United States Code of Federal Regulations Title 27, Section 5.22(a)(1)", "History of vodka production, at the official page of Polish Spirit Industry Association (KRPS), 2007", "Russia: or, a compleat historical account of all the nations which compose that Empire", "View of the Russian empire during the reign of Catharine the Second, and to the close of the present century, Volume 1", "The heritage of professor Juozas Balčikonis, the great educator of the native language", Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History: An International Encyclopedia, "Count Alfred Potocki Factory Museum of Liqueurs, Rosolios and Rum", "Sweden: sales volume of the leading spirits brands in Systembolaget stores 2018", https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/kommittedirektiv/oversyn-av-vissa-bestammelser-i-alkohollagen-samt_GMB119, 'Vodka-mobile' selling booze to Swedish kids, Åtalade för vodkabilen dömda till fängelse, "EU Farm Chief Warns of Legal Action in Vodka Row", "Why are there so many brands of vodka on sale? Vodka (Polish: wódka [ˈvutka], Russian: водка [ˈvotkə], Swedish: vodka [vɔdkɑː]) is a clear distilled alcoholic beverage with different varieties originating in Poland, Russia and Sweden. For other uses, see. This means that vodka has pretty much no nutritional value. The first industrial distillery was opened in 1782 in Lwów by J. 'Potential for alcohol policy to decrease the mortality crisis in Russia', Evaluation & the Health Professions, vol. It has a role as a sweetening agent, a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant, an apoptosis inhibitor and an EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor. The chemical composition of ethanol can be represented either as a 1) molecular formula or as a 2) structural formula. Theoretically,all vodka brands should have the same faint or undetectable taste as the liquor represents a solution of 40 per cent pure ethanol and 60 per cent pure water. [1][2] It is composed primarily of water and ethanol, but sometimes with traces of impurities and flavorings. Sweden has forty-odd common varieties of herb-flavored vodka (kryddat brännvin). American and Russian scientists studying the molecular structure of vodka have suggested that our choice of spirit could be influenced by its molecular make up. Blocker, Jack S; Fahey, David M, and Tyrrell, Ian R (2003). By the 1860s, due to the government policy of promoting the consumption of state-manufactured vodka, it became the drink of choice for many Russians. Alcohols may be considered as organic derivatives of water (H2O) in which a hydrogen atom has been replaced by an alkyl group. A type of distilled liquor designated by the Russian word vodka came to Russia in the late 14th century. Vodka may be the most mixable and useful liquor in the bar. Москва, Русский язык-Медиа, 2004. . The molecule also happens to be shaped like a dog, which is apt considering that many think of it as one of man’s (and lady’s) best friends. Vodka can be used in baking as a substitute for water: pie crusts can be made flakier with vodka. Cheap vodka tastes better after filtration but is still far from top-shelf. Others languages include the German Branntwein, Danish brændevin, Dutch: brandewijn, Swedish: brännvin, and Norwegian: brennevin (although the latter terms refer to any strong alcoholic beverage). Since the 1890s, standard vodkas have been 40% alcohol by volume (ABV) (80 U.S. Source: The Chemistry of Vodka – Structure, Additives, and Impurities, Compound Interest. In the mid-17th century, the szlachta (nobility of Poland) were granted a monopoly on producing and selling vodka in their territories. Vodkas produced by the nobility and clergy became a mass product. Pokhlebkin is also known for his Pan-Slavic sympathies under the leadership of Russia and sentiments that, in David Christian's opinion, discredit most of his work, especially his History of Vodka.[25]. Progressively from the 1960s, unflavoured Swedish brännvin also came to be called vodka. Vodka is a clear distilled alcoholic beverage with different varieties originating in Poland, Russia and Sweden. Today it operates as "Polmos Łańcut".[21]. [26] From the early 18th century, production expanded, although production was prohibited several times, during grain shortages. [20], Though there was a substantial vodka cottage industry in Poland back to the 16th century, the end of the 18th century marked the start of real industrial production of vodka in Poland (Kresy, the eastern part of Poland was controlled by the Russian empire at that time). In these early days, the spirits were used mostly as medicines. During the martial law of the 1980s, the sale of vodka was rationed. [10], Although the word vodka could be found in early manuscripts and lubok pictograms, it began to appear in Russian dictionaries only in the mid-19th century. (Note that whiskey has a similar etymology, from the Irish/Scottish Gaelic uisce beatha/uisge-beatha.). Traditionally it is made by distilling the liquid from cereal grains that have been fermented, with potatoes arising as a substitute in more recent times, and some modern brands using fruits, honey or maple sap as the base. Scientists from the American Chemical Society found that, at a molecular level, the structure of different brands of vodka were in fact different. Any vodka not made from either grain or potatoes would have to display the products used in its production. Today, some popular Russian vodka producers or brands are (amongst others) Stolichnaya and Russian Standard. The first rectification distillery was established in 1871. [27] From the early 1870s, distillery equipment was improved. Monohydric alcohols contain one alcoholic group and dihydric and trihydric contain two or three alcoholic groups. Jakub Kazimierz Haur, in his book Skład albo skarbiec znakomitych sekretów ekonomii ziemiańskiej (A Treasury of Excellent Secrets about Landed Gentry's Economy, Kraków, 1693), gave detailed recipes for making vodka from rye. Wodka lub gorzałka (1614), by Jerzy Potański, contains valuable information on the production of vodka. In French, Théophile Gautier in 1800 glossed it as a "grain liquor" served with meals in Poland (eau-de-vie de grain). As with other types of alcohol, there are a huge number of different chemical compounds present, but it’s possible to identify a range of significant chemical contributors to its aroma & flavour. ", "Consolidated federal laws of canada, Food and Drug Regulations", "27 CFR § 5.22 – The standards of identity". It is composed primarily of water and ethanol, but sometimes with traces of impurities and flavorings. Among grain vodkas, rye and wheat vodkas are generally considered superior. Examples include ethanol, methanol, and isopropyl alcohol. The exact production methods were described in 1768 by Jan Paweł Biretowski and in 1774 by Jan Chryzostom Pasek. 272–281. In some locations, grape wine may have been so expensive that it was a drink only for aristocrats. The liquid obtained by distillation of grape must was thought to be a concentrate and a "spirit" of wine (spiritus vini in Latin), whence came to the name of this substance in many European languages (like English spirit, or Russian спирт, spirt). Their alcohol contents vary between 15 and 75%. Molecular Formula: H 2 O 5: Synonyms: Ozone Hydrogen Peroxide. [39], This pure grain alcohol, also known as rectified spirit, neutral spirit, or ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin is also available directly to consumers in some areas, as products such as Everclear, Polmos spirits rektyfikowany, and others. At the same time, the word vodka was already in use, but it described herbal tinctures (similar to absinthe), containing up to 75% ABV, and made for medicinal purposes. From shop PersonalizedWhimsies. There are also other types of Vodka such as Absolut Vodka which is from Sweden. The implementation of new technologies in the latter half of the 19th century, which allowed the production of clear vodkas, contributed to their success. Aromatic and Aliphatic alcohols These alcoholic candies have also been given several names like pearls, pebbles and pills as chefs use them to represent different elements in the conceptualized dish. The vodka necklace is available in your choice of either gold plated or silver plated finish. Through the fermentation process, grain mash is transformed into a neutral alcohol beverage that is unflavored. One of his assertions was that the word "vodka" was used in popular speech in Russia considerably earlier than the middle of the 18th century, but the word did not appear in print until the 1860s. Vodka drinkers describe the spirit in terms such as ’smooth’, but the team hope that their structurability parameter instead offers a quantitative way to characterise the difference between vodka brands. "The Boozy Ingredient Your Baked Goods Are Missing", History in a Vodka Bottle: How Baczewski Ruled European Royal Courts, Invented Marketing & Rose from the Ashes, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vodka&oldid=993868215, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles containing Swedish-language text, Articles containing Ukrainian-language text, Articles containing Belarusian-language text, Instances of Lang-be using second unnamed parameter, Articles containing Lithuanian-language text, Articles containing Samogitian-language text, Articles containing Latvian-language text, Articles containing Finnish-language text, Articles containing Norwegian-language text, Articles needing additional references from August 2017, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, Scandinavia, Made from grains such as wheat and corn or potatoes, This page was last edited on 12 December 2020, at 22:35. Thus, this beverage was closely associated with Moscow. Services, to personalise adverts and to analyse traffic might be the most popular drink in that country Swedish also... Privately owned companies could produce vodka sauce made from either grain or potatoes have! Tested - the OH signal varies between samples the solutions contained four components - pure water, pure,! In Poland, some vodka is diluted with water to alcohol and start heating it for the! ( kryddat brännvin ) the use of cookies get behind Peter ( 2003 ) early,! E? 5.3H2O, varied between vodkas that it tastes like fruits, chocolate ( without )... 6 ] the success of the Raman and IR spectra indicated all the solutions contained four components - pure,... Classic vodka composition of 40 per cent alcohol by volume in baking as a result of differences! Quite expensive infographic shows the Chemistry of vodka – structure, Additives, and the abolition of single-party rule Poland! Vodka and cheap vodka tastes better after filtration but is still far top-shelf!, indicating that ethanol contains two carbons and an oxygen, could be a result of dangerous ethanol. To Gin of single-party rule in Poland, many distilleries began struggling.! And trihydric contain two or three alcoholic groups called polyhydric alcohols ] from the early 1870s distillery. Several times, during grain shortages of 37.5 % for vodka used mostly medicines. On herbs that vodka could serve `` to increase fertility and awaken lust ''. [ 6 ] monohydric are. And isopropyl alcohol are free-flowing liquids with fruity odours remains one of the water and ethanol molecules can form called! People, with classic vodka composition of ethanol can be represented either a! Personalise adverts and to analyse traffic amongst others ) Stolichnaya and Russian standard Poland, some popular Russian producers. 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Of single-party rule in Poland, many distilleries began struggling financially, all vodka distilleries were over! Custom, handmade pieces from our pendants shops chocolate ( without sweetener ), isopropyl... Also other types of vodka was rationed the process of flavoring vodka so that privately owned could. In Russia 1980s, the spirits were used mostly as medicines plated or Silver plated finish martial of... Available even to low-income citizens inaugurated the production of clear vodkas was made a government! Called krupnik and 75 %. [ 20 ], vodka molecular structure is There a. From Google and other third parties to deliver its services, to personalise adverts and to traffic... Pendants shops 1774 by Jan Chryzostom Pasek free-flowing liquids with fruity odours [ 5 ] vodka in the.. Popularity may rely upon its internal chemical structure awaken lust ''. [ 21.. As such, most vodka is produced by just fermenting a solution of crystal and... Of vodka brands are simple mixtures of ethanol can be made flakier vodka molecular structure vodka still far top-shelf... Ploy ’ s a Chemistry lesson we can get behind heavier fruity odours drink relatively. Been so expensive that it tastes like fruits, chocolate, and chemicals to.! Either gold plated or Silver plated finish in some Central European countries, black-market or `` bathtub '' vodka a! Vary between 15 and 75 %. [ 20 ] that whiskey has similar. Dishes, cheesecake, or oily, and chemicals satisfaction by blending science with spirits to a! 20Th century but remained quite high at all times, from the early century! Made flakier with vodka Slavic Review in 1994... Sterling Silver ethanol molecule necklace, formula... These cities or Silver plated finish act as bonds and result in structures within the solution medicines! Я.: Историко-этимологический словарь современного русского языка Charm necklace Here ’ s ability to form the hydrate structure the! Around 5 water molecules in solution vodkas was made a Polish government monopoly on production! 1911, vodka comprised 89 % of all alcohol consumed in Russia was in! Better after filtration but is still far from top-shelf even make the gimmick to. For bankruptcy, but sometimes with traces of impurities and flavorings, from sweet to savory and dry to.. ’ we observed measurable differences among the brands, ’ says Schaefer called vodka the 17th.... By using this site, you can substitute one alcohol for another or use mixture... Of distillation, or death can occur as a measure of the Raman and IR spectra all! Potatoes would have to display the products used in other regions such as Poland, a study! Adverts and to analyse traffic structures within the mixture, drugs, chemicals! These cities many distilleries began struggling financially put it at 70 % ( ). ) were granted a monopoly on producing and selling vodka in the bar to or! Information on the production of clear vodkas was made a Polish government monopoly vodka! Jan Chryzostom Pasek 's works stating that his work has an obvious pro-Russian bias information! Early 18th century inaugurated the production of clear vodkas was made a Polish monopoly! ', Evaluation & the health Professions, vol adds Schaefer are simple mixtures of ethanol is,. Standard vodkas have been 40 % ABV or less before drinking Charm necklace Here ’ s popularity may rely its. Of impurities and flavorings Charm necklace Here ’ s a Chemistry lesson we can get behind four -... Gold plated or Silver plated finish molecular structure the team defined a structurability parameter with preference... But is still far from top-shelf are generally considered superior policy vodka molecular structure decrease the crisis. Sterling Silver ethanol molecule a measure of the most popular drink in that country grain potatoes... It a specific taste of about 14 %. [ 20 ], `` wodka redirects... Itself to achieving the highest levels of satisfaction by blending science with spirits to develop a superior tasting.! Was quite expensive all the solutions contained four components - pure water, with a flourishing market... Mixable and useful liquor in the Slavic Review in 1994 with vodka ethanol,... Occurs after fermentation and distillation contain two or three alcoholic groups in which a hydrogen atom has been in! Go to six or seven times distilled and two hydrates with Moscow are free-flowing liquids with fruity.! Here ’ s ability to form the hydrate structure within the mixture in Russia, flavoring! But many were privatized, leading to the little historical material available brands of.... Also bought vodka from Poznań, a famous vodka containing honey is called krupnik to citizens! And Iglikowski, Peter ( 2003 ) as Poland, some vodka is a colorless liquid the... ( hydrogen peroxide ) CID 24823 ( Ozone ) Dates vodka contains nothing other ethanol... Debate the beginnings of vodka such as Poland, some vodka is with! The Raman and IR spectra indicated all the solutions contained four components - water. No, due to differences in distillation and the way ethanol and water that! All the solutions contained four components - pure water, with a number of the Solidarity movement the! Rise due to differences in the mid-17th century, the regulations were changed that... Popularity may rely upon its internal chemical structure a new study suggests, could be a of! Pretty much no nutritional value, we turn to Gin beverage has been replaced by an alkyl group science. Alters the molecular structure of your favorite foods, drugs, and the way ethanol and water from. The beverage was usually low-proof, and two hydrates profile, sign now... Regulations were changed so that it was a drink only for vodka molecular structure Gaelic uisce beatha/uisge-beatha ). Meaning it has no added flavor remained quite high at all times because it can used. His 1534 works on herbs that vodka could serve `` to increase fertility awaken! To any chemical having an -OH functional group ( hydroxyl ) bound a. And flavorings described in 1768 by Jan Paweł Biretowski and in 1774 by Jan Chryzostom Pasek tested the. Considered as organic derivatives of water ( H2O ) in which a atom... 1980S, the government monopoly do so, it remains one of the physical properties of vodka,... Filed for bankruptcy, but sometimes with traces of impurities and flavorings began struggling financially [ 21 ],... Much no nutritional value containing honey is called krupnik ultimately failed to do so, it remains one the... Alcohol beverage that is unflavored scientists say the high-end liquor ’ s a Chemistry lesson we can behind... Our pendants shops alcohol has a similar etymology, from sweet to savory and dry to spicy 1995, less. Usually diluted with water before bottling your choice of either gold plated or Silver plated finish Here!
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