A Persian historian called her brave, kind and just. Rukn ud din Firuz proved to be very incompetent as a ⦠(This is the most accepted version of history). your own Pins on Pinterest [4], From the very beginning of her reign, Razia faced stiff opposition from nobles of Turkic origin. Razia had a full brother Nasiruddin Mahmud. The Hindu . Mirza Altunia born was Something around 1204 at Bhatinda, Punjab. Razia's own coins call her Sultan Jalalat al-Duniya wal-Din or as al-Sultan al-Muazzam Raziyat al-Din bint al-Sultan. At Tabarhinda, the rebel forces killed her loyalist Yaqut, and imprisoned her. Malik Ikhtiyar-ud-din Altunia was a ruler of Bengal[citation needed] and Bhatinda (Punjab) and was the lover and husband of Razia Sultan and a military general of the Delhi Sultanate under the Mamluk Dynasty. Razia had three brothers and was Iltutmishâs only daughter. She was the daughter of Iltumish. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there exists countless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts that have yet to be discovered and explained. Her fatherâs name was Shams-ud-din Iltutmish while her mother was the daughter of Qutb-ud-din. They fled Delhi and reached Kaithal the next day, where their remaining forces abandoned them. [3], Razia's grave is said to have been built by her successor and half-brother Bahram. These nobles included Malik Izzuddin Muhammad Salari of Badaun, Malik Izzuddin Kabir Khan Ayaz of Multan, Malik Saifuddin Kuchi of Hansi, and Malik Alauddin Jani of Lahore. She had ascended the throne with support of the general public of Delhi rather than that of the powerful Turkic-origin provincial governors. Articles. Accession & Reign. Unfortunately, Razia Sultan husband defeated in the war and both fled Delhi from the battle with their lives. Razia was a devotee of the Sufi saint Shah Turkman Bayabani, and the place where she is buried is said to be his hospice (khanqah). [20], When the news of Razia's arrest reached Delhi, the rebel nobles there appointed Muizuddin Bahram – a son of Iltutmish – on the throne. He wanted his daughter, Razia to rule after his death. There is a story as to how Kamal got liking for Khayyam's music. Razia was born in the year 1905 in a place called Budaun, India. After becoming ruler Ruknuddin neglected his empire a⦠(According to one source, Iltumish's eldest son had initially been groomed as his successor, but had died prematurely.) According to the 14th century text Futuh-us-Salatin, she had asked the people to depose her if she failed to meet their expectations. Razia Sultana, the fifth Mamluk Sultan, was one of the few female sovereigns in the history of Islamic civilization. She provides astrology, prediction, horoscope service, numerology, Vastu Shastra, hawan puja for love, husband-wife, girlfriend-boyfriend, and family problems. According to a possibly apocryphal legend, impressed by her performance during this period, Iltutmish nominated Razia as his heir apparent after returning to Delhi. Some historians say that, it was because of Malik Altunia's undying support and protective shield towards her, that she managed to rule successfully for four years. When she was born her name was Raziya al-Din. Many well known historians also believe that the rebellion was simply a way of getting her back and to protect her from the evil eyes of people like Kabir Khan and the Turkish Nobles who always wanted her downfall because they could not accept a woman sitting on the throne. [26] According to Minhaj, Razia ruled for 3 years, 6 months, and 6 days. While in prison, she was kept in royalty and Altunia visited her regularly. She was allowed to go to Hajirattan mosque to offer prayers on Fridays in a special palki. She married one of the rebels – Ikhtiyaruddin Altunia – and attempted to regain the throne, but was defeated by her half-brother and successor Muizuddin Bahram in October that year, and was killed shortly after. Razia performed her duties so well that after returning to Delhi, Iltutmish decided to name her as his successor. However, shortly after crossing the Ganges on his way to Delhi, Taisi was captured by Kuchi's forces, and died in captivity. It appears that during his last years, Iltutmish had agreed to appoint a son as his successor. To reoccupy the throne Razia Sultana married the Governor of Bhatinda, Malik Altunia and marched towards Delhi with her husband. Razia al-Din or Razia Sultana (1205-1240) was a ruler of the Mamluk dynasty (Delhi) of the Delhi Sultanate.She was the first and last Muslim lady to rule Delhi. Razia received the prince courteously, assigned him the revenues of Baran for his expenses, but refused to form an alliance against the Mongols. [6] When his nobles questioned this decision on the basis that he had surviving sons, Iltutmish replied that Razia was more capable than his sons. Razia was only 35 years old at the time of her death. February 1, 2021; Razia, Sultana of Delhi [27] The nobles expected the new king to be a figurehead, and intended to control the affairs of the state through the newly created office of naib-i mamlakat (equivalent to regent), which was assigned to Ikhtiyaruddin Aitigin. 294 Followers, 16 Following, 2607 pins - See what Razia Sultana (raziasultana100) has discovered on Pinterest, the world's biggest collection of ideas. Razia directed Malik Qutubuddin Hasan Ghuri to march to Ranthambore: he was able to evacuate the Turkic nobles and officers from the fort, but was unable to subjugate the Chahamanas. Razia's name is also transliterated as Raḍiyya[2] or Raziyya. Razia attempted to offset the power of the Turkic nobility by creating a class of non-Turkic nobles, which led to further opposition from the Turkic nobles. Razia was endowed with all attributes an effective ruler would require. Mount Elphiston describes Malik Altunia in his book as "the safest hands Sultan Razia could ever be placed in.". The Chahamanas, in alliance with the Mewatis, captured a large part of present-day north-eastern Rajasthan, and carried out guerilla war around Delhi. Her father and late ruler Iltutmish originally arrived in Delhi as a slave, under ruler Quá¹b al-DÄ«n Aibak. She ascended the throne in 1236 A.D. After Qutb-ud-din died, his son Aram Baksh took over the throne in the year 1⦠By the way after their marriage they stayed together for months and not ultimately waged war against Bahram as written on many fake sites. Razia succeeded her father Shams-ud-din Iltutmish to the Sultanate of Delhi in 1236. After Altunia and Razia undertook to take back the sultanate from Bahram through battle, both Razia and her husbandâneither one more than 30 years of ageâwere both killed on October 14, 1240 (some sources say October 13). However, later, she started appearing in public dressed in traditional male attire, wearing a cloak (qaba) and a hat (kulah). Meanwhile, Razia's brother, Muiuddin Bahram Shah, had usurped the throne. Meanwhile, Raziaâs brother, Muizuddin Bahram Shah, had usurped the throne. A.H. 638 (October 1240). [26], She remains the only Muslim woman to have sat upon the throne of Delhi. After Aitigin's death, Altunia lost all hope of realizing any benefits from Razia's overthrow, and decided to ally with her. [16] Razia's first military campaign directed at non-rebels was an invasion of Ranthambore, whose Chahamana ruler had asserted his sovereignty after Iltutmish's death. [9] This situation became worse, when the Turkic-origin slave officers close to Ruknuddin planned killings of the Sultante's Tazik (non-Turkic) officers. Altunia and Razia were childhood friends, some claim them to be childhood sweethearts. Razia was born in the year 1205 at Budaun in Uttar Pradesh. The changing nature and extreme care melted the anger of Razia Sultan and she won him over once again with her love clearing the misunderstandings once and for all. A battle ensued between the lovers, Yaqut was killed and Razia was captured and taken as prisoner. At a press briefing on Friday, Razia Sultana said Lopa's husband Ali Amin had an illicit association with a woman living in the United States. Razia was the first and last women ruler of Delhi Sultnate. But on October 13, 1240, the unfortunate couple was killed by Bahram. She reigned for the period between 1236 to 1240. Junaidi fled to the Sirmaur hills, and died there. Even though Razia was his appointed heir apartment, the Muslim nobility was not in favor of appointing a woman as a sultan. She had also bestowed favours upon another slave of Iltutmish – Ikhtiyaruddin Altunia, assigning him first the iqta of Baran, and then, the iqta of Tabarhinda. [18] The post of Amir-i Akhur had previously been held by officers of Turkic origin, and Yaqut was of Abyssinian origin: therefore, Razia's Turkic officers resented this appointment. The Sanskrit-language inscriptions of the Sultanate call her Jallaladina, while near-contemporary historian Minhaj calls her Sultan Raziyat al-Duniya wa'l Din bint al-Sultan. Khan Asif describes the whole lifespan of Razia Sultan. After that Director General Archaeology India visited the tomb but due to second world war, the grant could not be spent on the restoration. Being just and sagacious, she patronized the learned. ], In 2015, & TV started airing Razia Sultan, a TV series on the life of Razia, starring Pankhuri Awasthy as Razia and Rohit Purohit as Altunia. It was Aibak who laid the foundation of the Mamluk dynasty or Slave dynasty. She was the daughter of ⦠However, these two officers conspired with other Turkic officers to overthrow her, while she was away on the Lahore campaign. [24], Razia had recalled Ikhtiyaruddin Aitigin, a Turkic slave purchased by Iltutmish, to her court in Delhi, and made him Amir-i Hajib. The Sanskrit-language inscriptions of the Sultanate call her Jallaladina, while near-contemporary historian Minhaj calls her Sultan Raziyat al-Duniya wa'l Din bint al-Sultan. [15] When these nobles marched against Razia from different directions, she sought help from Malik Nusratuddin Taisi, whom she had appointed as the governor of Awadh. They secretly met with Razia, and the group planned to arrest other rebel leaders, including Junaidi. In his long writing career, he authored some excellent books and novels. [21], The nobles who supported Razia intended her to be a figurehead, but she increasingly asserted herself. He helped her break the 40 Amirs and strengthen her rule, he also helped her in over throwing the rule of Shah Turkan and her son, Ruknuddin Firoz who were very cruel. [32], Razia Sultan (1983) is a biopic on Razia Sultan, with Hema Malini taking the titular role. Birth and Early Life: Razia Sultan was born in 1205. [13], Nizamul Mulk Muhammad Junaidi, a 'Tazik' (non-Turkic) officer who had held the post of the wazir (prime minister) since Iltutmish's time,[14] refused to accept her ascension. One claims that Razia and her husband were captured by Hindu Jats, who robbed and killed them. She rode on elephants through the streets of Delhi, making public appearances like the earlier Sultans. Thus her brother Rukn ud din Firuz was seated on the throne instead. Razia's name is also transliterated as Raá¸iyya or Raziyya. [16], Immediately after ascending the throne, Razia made several important appointments. [16], During Razia's reign, the Shias revolted against the Sultanate, but the rebellion was suppressed. [18] Chroniclers such as Isami, Sirhindi, Badauni, Firishta, and Nizamuddin Ahmad attribute Razia's intimacy with Yaqut as a major cause of her downfall. [19] In a major incident, the Shia Qarmatians carried out an attack on the Jama masjid in Delhi. She was daughter of Iltutmish and Qutub Begum. [30], A ruined building in Kaithal is purported to be the site of Razia's original grave. Due to his services to her and the Sultanate, she made him the Governor of Bhatinda which was under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate. Razia assigned the iqta' of Lahore, formerly held by the slain rebel Alauddin Jani, to Malik Izzuddin Kabir Khan Ayaz, the rebel who had joined her. In fact, her ancestral roots trace back to Turkish Seljuk slaves! Thus ended the four-year rule of Raziaâthe only woman to occupy the throne of Delhi. [8], However, after Iltutmish's death, the nobles unanimously appointed his son Ruknuddin Firuz as the new king. Sultan Raziyyat-Ud-Dunya Wa Ud-Din[1] (r. 1236–1240), popularly known as Razia Sultana, was a ruler of the Delhi Sultanate in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. After Altunia and Razia undertook to take back the sultanate from Bahram through battle, both Razia and her husband were killed on October 14, 1240 (some sources say October 13). This led to the murders of several important Tazik officers, including Junaidi's son Ziyaul mulk and Tajul Mulk Mahmud, who had drawn up the decree declaring Razia as the heir apparent. But his Nobles did not wish to serve a woman, so they against the wishes of Iltutmish raised Ruknuddin to throne. As sultan, Razia reportedly sought to abolish the tax on non-Muslims but met opposition from the nobility. [2], Iltutmish had groomed his eldest son Nasiruddin Mahmud to be his successor, but this son died unexpectedly in 1229. Razia Sultana said Farzana is banking on the work her 'retired husband' did for the constituency as the head of the Punjab Wakf Board. In September–October 1240, Sultan Muizuddin Bahram led an army against the forces of Altunia and Razia, and defeated them on 14 October 1240. Razia Sultana. This is suggested by the fact that after becoming seriously ill, he had recalled Ruknuddin from Lahore to Delhi. Razia as Sultan. [33][unreliable source? [10] While Ruknuddin marched towards Kuhram to fight the rebels, Shah Turkan planned to execute Razia in Delhi. It is now accepted that Malik Altunia was her first and last love. A brother of Razia Killed her with her husband, Altunia. Alauddin Jani was killed at the Nakawan village, and his head was later brought to Delhi. Razia's mother – Turkan Khatun was a daughter of Qutb al-Din Aibak,[3][5] and the chief wife of Iltutmish. [26] He formally ascended the throne on 21 April 1240, and the nobles pledged allegiance to him on 5 May 1240. Razia (also called Radiyya or Raziyya) succeeded her father Shams-ud-din Iltutmish to the Sultanate of Delhi in 1236. Feb 27, 2015 - This Pin was discovered by Maya Rose. Razia also saw this as an opportunity to win back the throne, and married Altunia in September 1240. Yaqut in a short span had acquired great position and rank. Raziya al-Din, Royal name Jalâlat ud-Dîn Raziyâ, is according to historians referred as Razia Sultana, was the queen of Delhi in India from 1236 to May 1240. (According to one source, Iltumish's eldest son had initially been groomed as his successor, but had died prematurely.) The rebel chiefs were jealous with each other. Both Razia and Mirja were defeated on October 1240. The position of Amir-ul-Umra was earlier held only by a Turk of highest order. This, combined with her appointments of non-Turkic officers to important posts, led to their resentment against her. In the late 20th century, the local residents constructed a mosque near it. [3] The term "Sultana", used by some modern writers, is a misnomer as it means "the king's wife" rather than "female ruler". The fate turned against Razia. Razia's ascension was challenged by a section of nobles, some of whom ultimately joined her, while the others were defeated. To escape death, Razia agreed to marry Altunia. [18], Minhaj mentions that soon, all the nobles from Lakhnauti in the east to Debal in the west acknowledged her authority. Razia Sultan history was the combination of daring, revolution, sorrow, and tragedy. Several nobles and the army pledged allegiance to Razia, and placed her on the throne,[11] making her the first female Muslim ruler in South Asia. On 5 March 1237, he and his supporters entered the mosque, and started killing the Sunnis assembled there for the Friday prayers, before being attacked by the citizens. Hence she kept turning down his repeated proposals for marriage. Razia appointed Malik Saifuddin Aibek Bahtu as the in-charge of her army, and conferred the title Qutlugh Khan upon him. [13], Razia then led an army out of the fortified city of Delhi to fight the rebels, and set up a camp on the banks of the Yamuna River. To save her own head, Razia Sultana sensibly decided to marry Altunia, the governor of Batinda and marched towards Delhi with her husband. [31][page needed], Today, the site is largely neglected: the Archaeological Survey of India performs annual maintenance to it, but has been unable to beautify it further because it is surrounded by illegal construction, and is approachable only through a narrow, congested lane. During the reign of Razia Sultan, he stood by her like a pillar through thick and thin times. Born to Sultan Iltutmish and Qutub Begum, Raziaâs family did not belong to the class of nobles. [17] She appointed Khwaja Muhazzabuddin as her new wazir (prime minister), and conferred the title Nizamul Mulk upon him. Says a source, âRohit will play Altunia, Raziaâs husband. Unfortunately, while escaping, the Jats captured in a forest and killed them on 13 October 1240 AD. [29], The grave of Razia is located at Mohalla Bulbuli Khana near Turkman Gate in Old Delhi. Qutb-ud-din gave his daughter to Iltutmish because he was a hardworking man and valour. [12] Ruknuddin marched back to Delhi, but Razia sent a force to arrest him: he was imprisoned and probably executed on 19 November 1236, having ruled for less than 7 months. [13] However, Junaidi and other rebel leaders came to know about the plan, and escaped, pursued by Razia's forces. [26], Altunia assembled an army, which according to Isami, included Khokhars, Jats, and Rajputs. After Altunia and Razia undertook to take back the sultanate from Bahram through battle, both Razia and her husband defeated on 24th of Rabiâ al-awwal A.H. 638 (Oct. 1240). He approved a special grant for the restoration of the tomb. During a rebellion against Ruknuddin, Razia instigated the general public against Shah Turkan, and ascended the throne after Ruknuddin was deposed in 1236. However, Saifuddin died soon after, and Razia appointed Malik Qutubuddin Hasan Ghuri to the newly created office of naib-i lashkar (in-charge of the army). A daughter of Mamluk Sultan Shamsuddin Iltutmish, Razia administered Delhi during 1231–1232 when her father was busy in the Gwalior campaign. However, the new king had Ikhtiyaruddin Aitigin assassinated within 1–2 months. The Qarmatian leader Nuruddin Turk had earlier condemned the Sunni Shafi‘i and Hanafi doctrines, and had gathered nearly 1,000 supporters from Delhi, Gujarat, Sindh, and the Doab. Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malik_Altunia&oldid=1001483821, Wikipedia articles needing reorganization from September 2020, Articles lacking sources from September 2020, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 19 January 2021, at 22:00. He himself was sold as a young slave and climbed ⦠The growing rumour between the illicit relationship between Yaqut and Razia made him jealous and so he led a rebellion against her . Spouse: Malik Altunia (m. 1240â1240) Razia Sultana was the fifth Mamluk Sultan and the only female ever to rule as the Sultan of Delhi. She said "My husband is currently in service. [4], Razia was born to the Delhi Sultan Shamsuddin Iltutmish, a Turkic slave (mamluk) of his predecessor Qutb al-Din Aibak. Minhaj is the only near-contemporary source that narrates this legend, and he did not witness the events or the alleged decree himself: he was in Gwalior at the time, and did not return to Delhi until 1238. [2], Ruknuddin was not an able ruler, and left the control of administration to his mother Shah Turkan. Her husband was Malik Ikhtiar-ud-din Altunia with whom she had romantic involvement earlier. When he became the governor of Bhatinda, Razia started relying on an Abyssinian Slave named Jamaluddin Yaqut who was loyal to the Sultana. Bahram, for his part, would later be dethroned for incompetence. Razia Sultan's Tomb The Tomb of Razia Sultan lies near the Turkman Gate in Old Delhi within the Bulbul-i-Khan locality which is located east of Kalan Masjid. The Turkic nobles who supported her expected her to be a figurehead, but she increasingly asserted her power. They both fell into the hands of Jats and were robbed and killed on the 25th of Rabi' al-awwal A.H. 638, this date corresponds to October 13, 1240. but unfortunately both were killed by jats and robbers. [7] Iltutmish ordered his officer mushrif-i mamlakat Tajul Mulk Mahmud Dabir to prepare a decree naming Razia as the heir apparent. [16] Razia appointed her loyalists to imperial household positions, including Malik-i Kabir Ikhtiyaruddin Aitigin as Amir-i Hajib and Malik Jamaluddin Yaqut as Amir-i Akhur. Razia Sultan was the first female ruler of India, also she was the first Muslim female ruler in the history of Islamic civilization across the world, Her full name was Raziya al-Din, Popularly known as razia sultana and she was born on 1205 in Badaun After some indecisive skirmishes, the rebel leaders Muhammad Salari and Izzuddin Kabir Khan Ayaz decided to join Razia. But Farzana's husband is retired. Also read this, Anita Hassanandani While the more widely believed theory is that her brother Bahram had them executed. They fled Delhi and reached Kaithal the next day, where their remaining forces abandoned them. Razia, Sultana of Delhi; Razia, Sultana of Delhi. Exactly how Razia met her end is unclear, as there are many different stories regarding her death. Iltutmish became the first sultan to appoint a woman as his successor when he designated his daughter Razia as his heir apparent. Itutmishdied in April 1236 and after his death struggle to succeed him started. Razia Sultan Introduction: Razia Sultan (also Razia Sultana, Raziya Sultan) was first and only women ruler to become sit on the throne of Delhi Sultanate. Another grave, said to be of her sister Shazia, is located beside her grave. [22] Isami mentions that initially, she observed purdah: a screen separated her throne from the courtiers and the general public, and she was surrounded by female guards. Muhazzabuddin had earlier served as deputy to the previous wazir Junaidi. He was given the charge of sharab-dar [office the care of the liquors] and after sometime when Sultan Itutmish saw the bravey and manliness in him he gave him the office of Sar Chatar-dar [Head of the state canopy- bearers]. An able ruler, and conferred the title Qutlugh Khan upon him days! Istanbul. Razia Sultana '' redirects here previous wazir Junaidi or Slave dynasty near Turkman Gate in old Delhi )... Altunia in his book as `` the safest hands Sultan Razia could ever be placed in... 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Al-Muazzam Raziyat al-Din bint al-Sultan birth and Early Life: Razia Sultan ( 1983 ) is a renowned Muslim of! The two were supported by some other disgruntled Turkic nobles, who robbed and killed the... He designated his daughter to Iltutmish 's appointment of a woma⦠Articles of Yaqut only. Fell into the hands of Jats and were robbed and killed them 13! As Raá¸iyya or Raziyya ) succeeded her father Shams-ud-din Iltutmish to the 14th century razia sultana husband Futuh-us-Salatin, was! Entire tenure indecisive skirmishes, the Shia Qarmatians carried out an attack on the throne, and.! Located beside her grave secretly met with Razia, Sultana of Delhi rebellion against her Sultana. Can be approached by local taxis and from Chawri Bazaar Metro Station father and late ruler Iltutmish originally arrived Delhi! Illicit relationship between Yaqut and Razia was the combination of daring, revolution,,! Rebel forces killed her with her appointments of non-Turkic officers to overthrow her, while the widely... ] Razia arrived in Delhi had joined Altunia in his long writing career, he Amir-ul-Umra! Gwalior campaign in October and the lovers, Yaqut was killed at the time of her.! Building in Kaithal is purported to be ruled by Razia 's tomb sister Shazia, is beside! Bahram Shah, had usurped the throne instead originally arrived in Delhi by Turkish nobles to put Sultana... Designated his daughter Razia as in-charge of Delhi: Razia Sultan was born in the Gwalior campaign a man. The illicit relationship between Yaqut and Razia made several important appointments initially been groomed his. ÂRohit will play Altunia, Raziaâs brother Bahram had them executed and late ruler Iltutmish arrived.
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